Titanium nitride Ionogel DFT Electrode material Ionic liquid electrolytes Batteries Electrochemical capacitors Lithium-ion battery Fe Aqueous electrolyte Magnetron sputtering Electrodes Electrochemistry Supercapacitors Fermi contact Chemical vapor deposition Failure mechanism Li-ion battery Mercury Microbatteries Thin films MXenes Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Manganese dioxide Current collector Lithium ion battery Microstructure Electrochemical capacitor Silicon GGA+U Microdevice DFT calculations Lithium battery Ionogels Perovskite Diazonium salts MAS NMR Organic batteries Exsolution Fuel cell Electrochemical performance Diazonium Li-ion batteries Lithium-ion batteries Organic battery Cycling stability Intercalation Positive electrode Operando EIS Graphite Vanadium nitride Micro-supercapacitor Crystal structure MXene Cyclic voltammetry Activated carbon Electrolytes FeWO 4 Batteries - Li-ion Nickel oxide Lithium batteries Capacitance Impedance spectroscopy Ionic conductivity Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Photovoltaics FIB/SEM Negative electrode Micro-supercapacitors Sputtering Transition metals Graphene Electrical conductivity Electrolyte Anode Electrode MnO2 Ionic liquid NMR Binder Supercapacitor Diazonium chemistry Pseudocapacitance Grafting Organic electrode materials Anodes Interface Lithium ion batteries XPS Degradation Energy storage LiFePO4 Electrochemical Capacitor SOFC Electrochemical electrodes CVD Coating Cycle performance CO2 electrolysis