How does eutrophication impact bundles of ecosystem services in multiple coastal habitats using state-and-transition models
Résumé
One of the current major scientific challenges to sustain social-ecological systems is to improve our under-
standing of the spatial and temporal dynamics of the relationships between biodiversity, ecosystem functioning
and ecosystem services. Here, we analyse the bundles of ecosystem services supplied by three coastal ecosystems
(coastal lagoons, coral reefs and sandy beaches) along a gradient of eutrophication. Based on a state-and-
transition model, we analyses the dynamic responses of ecological communities to environmental change and
management actions. Although few exceptions are highlighted, increasing eutrophication in the three ecosystem
types leads to a degradation of the ecosystem service bundles, particularly for nutrient and pathogen regulation/
sequestration, or for the support of recreational and leisure activities. Despite few obstacles to their full use,
state-and-transition models can be very powerful frameworks to integrate multiple functions and services de-
livered by ecosystems while accounting for their temporal dynamics.
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