%0 Journal Article %T Defining Coral Bleaching as a Microbial Dysbiosis within the Coral Holobiont %+ Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS) %+ California Academy of Sciences %+ Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) %+ Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL) %+ Département de Biologie [Université Laval] %A Boilard, Aurélie %A Dubé, Caroline %A Gruet, Cécile %A Mercière, Alexandre %A Hernandez-Agreda, Alejandra %A Derome, Nicolas %< avec comité de lecture %@ 2076-2607 %J Microorganisms %I MDPI %V 8 %N 11 %P 1682 %8 2020 %D 2020 %R 10.3390/microorganisms8111682 %K adaptive dysbiosis hypothesis %K Coral bleaching %K microbiota %K Holobiont %K Symbiodiniaceae %Z Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology %Z Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/BioclimatologyJournal articles %X Coral microbiomes are critical to holobiont health and functioning, but the stability of host–microbial interactions is fragile, easily shifting from eubiosis to dysbiosis. The heat-induced breakdown of the symbiosis between the host and its dinoflagellate algae (that is, “bleaching”), is one of the most devastating outcomes for reef ecosystems. Yet, bleaching tolerance has been observed in some coral species. This review provides an overview of the holobiont’s diversity, explores coral thermal tolerance in relation to their associated microorganisms, discusses the hypothesis of adaptive dysbiosis as a mechanism of environmental adaptation, mentions potential solutions to mitigate bleaching, and suggests new research avenues. More specifically, we define coral bleaching as the succession of three holobiont stages, where the microbiota can (i) maintain essential functions for holobiont homeostasis during stress and/or (ii) act as a buffer to mitigate bleaching by favoring the recruitment of thermally tolerant Symbiodiniaceae species (adaptive dysbiosis), and where (iii) environmental stressors exceed the buffering capacity of both microbial and dinoflagellate partners leading to coral death. %G English %2 https://univ-perp.hal.science/hal-03123343/document %2 https://univ-perp.hal.science/hal-03123343/file/microorganisms-08-01682-v2.pdf %L hal-03123343 %U https://univ-perp.hal.science/hal-03123343 %~ IRD %~ SDE %~ EPHE %~ UNIV-AG %~ AFRIQ %~ CNRS %~ UNIV-PERP %~ UNIV-NC %~ EHESS %~ IFREMER %~ GIP-BE %~ AGROPOLIS %~ CRIOBE %~ PSL %~ UNIV-POLYNESIE %~ UPF %~ TEST-DEV %~ UNC %~ EPHE-PSL %~ LABEX-CORAIL %~ PUNC-UNC %~ LARJE-PUNC-UNC %~ LA-NI-PUNC-UNC %~ CRESICA-PUNC-UNC %~ LIRE-PUNC-UNC %~ RESONANCES-PUNC-UNC %~ TEST3-HALCNRS %~ TEST4-HALCNRS %~ TEST5-HALCNRS